MECHANICAL POWER

Liquid in glass thermometer: In this instrument consist of a thick walled glass tube with a bore filled with a expanding fluid such as mecrury. The principle used to measure temperature is that of the thermal expansion of the liquid. Area of stem is less than the bulb when we deep the bulb of thermometer in a hot liquid the mercury or expanding fluid in the bulb expans and rises upward.linear scale is mounted on the stem.so directly we can measure the temperature. Advantages: 1)Good accuracy. 2)portable. Disadvantages: 1)limited range 2)More time consuming

Newtonian Fluid: The fluid in which Shear rate is directly proportional to shear strss is called newtonian fluid. generally air,water is known as newtonian fluid. Non newtonian Fluid: The fluid in which shear stress is not proportional to shear force is called non newtonian fluid. generally blood thick lubticating oil is known as non newtonian fluids.

Theory of Machine may be defined as that branch of Engineering-science, which deals with the study. Kinematics . It is that branch of Theory of Machine which deals with the relative motion between the various parts of the machines or assembly. Kinetics. It is that branch of Theory of Machine which deals with the inertia forces which is due to the effect of the mass and motion of the machine parts. Statics. It is that branch of Theory of Machine which deals with the forces and their effects when the machine parts are at rest. Dynamic . It is that branch of Theory of Machine which deals with the forces and their effects, when acting upon the machine parts in motion. Force      which may be defined as an factor which produces any activity or oppose to activity, complet activity or tends to complex activity. Resultant Force           If a number of forces A B C etc. are acting simultaneously on a particle, then a single force, which will pro...

Mass Density: It is the mass of the fluid per unit volume. It unit is kg per cubic meter. Specific Weight: It is the weight per unit volume of the fluid. It is the volume occupied by the unit mass of the fluid. Specific gravity: It is the ratio of specific weight of fluid to specific weight of stanfard fluid. Compressibility : Compressibility is the reciprocal of bulk modulus of rigidity. Kinematic viscosity: Kinematic viscosity is the ratio between Dynamic viscosity and density. Surface tension: Energy exerted on a surface of a liquid bye the downward force of the molecule is known as the Surface Tension. Capillarity : Capillarity is the phenomenon in which when we insert a small tube in a liquid vessel,the penomenon of rise or fall of a liquid level in tube is calles capillarity. capillary rise- dipped in water Capillary fall-dipped in mercury.

Ideal fluid:- The fluid which is imaginary and does not exist in practically or daily today life is called ideal fluid it can be assumed to be incompressible and inviscid. Real fluid:- AReal fluid which have a certain fluid propertiea are called as areal fluid. Real fluid exist in nature and not imaginary

The rotameter is used to measure the flowrate of liquids and gases. Therotameter consists of a, 1)tube 2) float. 3)inlet and outlet 4)scale principle: rotameter has a tapered tube withthe upper end larger than the lower end, having a float inside concentrically. The float moves up and downaccording to the flow rate, and the reading taken from.scale on tapered tube. working: as the flow Staring to inlet tube.according to the flow.,the float in the tapered tube goes on increaing or decreasing.float and liquid have gravity relations.as the flow increases float accelerate and as the flow reduces float decreases .so actual fliw rate can me measured by linear scale in taperes tube directly According to position of float Selection of rotameter is depend on various factors such as flow rate,scale.accuracy,cost.apllicatiin and cost and maintaince. Advantages: 1)Low pressure loss 2)Can measure very low flow rate 3)easy installation 4)variable viscous range Disadvantag...

1)Venturimeter is the widely used device tomeasure the discharge through the pipe.  2)A venturimeter consist of a convergence ,divergence,and throat. 3)The principle of venturimeter is that when a fluid flows through the venturimeter, it accelerates in the convergent section and decelerates in thedivergent section, resulting in a drop in the staticpressure. 3) By measuring the difference inthe pressures at an axial station upstream of the convergent section and at the throat, thevolumetric flow rate can be estimated. 4)The flow through the venturimeter and hence through the pipe is given by Qactual = Actual discharge. Qth=theoratica discharge Cv =Discharge co-efficient. A1 =area at the inlet side  A2 =area at the throat side h =Differential pressure head dh=pressure difference  g =Acceleration due to gravity Applications:  chemicalship tankersgas stoves , Water aspirators,,Steam siphons Carburetors .The capillaries.